Vitamin A deficiency diseases and treatment

 

Diseases and symptoms of vitamin A deficiency

Vitamin A deficiency diseases are mentioned below:

  • Liver cirrhosis
  • Celiac disease
  • Bile duct disorder
  • Ratkana
  • Xerophthalmia
  • Beetroot stains
  • Dry skin
  • Itching
  • Burning of the skin
  • Disrupting physical growth
  • Decreased fertility and infertility

Deficiency and treatment

About 350,000 preschool-age children go blind each year due to vitamin A deficiency, and most of them do not survive. The most common clinical symptoms of vitamin A deficiency are night blindness and xerophthalmia . Vitamin A deficiency in young children causes beetroot spots on the conjunctiva of the eye and various eye symptoms. Inadequate intake of vitamin A can lead to protein-calorie malnutrition, lipid malabsorption and fever. Among adults, breastfeeding mothers are most at risk. 

Treatment:

The recommended treatment for xerophthalmia in children 1 to 6 years of age is 210umol retinyl palmitate. And this dose should be repeated one day later and then 2-4 weeks later. Children under 1 year of age should be given half of the above mentioned dose on the same schedule. High doses of vitamin A are teratogenic, so it is important to be aware of the use of vitamin A in the treatment of pregnant women. A daily 10umol oral dose may be given to young women who have mild eye symptoms or who live in a vitamin A deficient area. The full dose should be given only in cases where the cornea is involved.

Toxicity

Vitamin A can be toxic if eaten in high doses. The three stages of toxicity are acute, chronic and teratogenic.

Acute toxicity:

Acute toxicity is created when very high doses of vit A are usually given> 100 times in adults and> 20 times in children. Early symptoms include nausea or vomiting, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, and muscle weakness. The second stage is drowsiness, discomfort, loss of appetite, physical inactivity, itching, vomiting. 

Chronic toxicity :

This occurs when vit A is consumed in excessive amounts year after year. Symptoms include headache, alopecia, chapped lips, dry skin and itching, hepatomegaly, bone and joint pain, and more.

Teratogenic toxicity :

These include severe resuscitation, abortion, birth defects, and permanent learning disability of offspring.

Vitamin A sources and functions

Location: Dhaka, Bangladesh

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